The history of nuclear physics starts with atomic physics at the discovery of Radioactivity in 1896 by Henri Becquerel when they studied phosphorescence in salts of uranium.
What is Nuclear Physics?
The branch of physics which deals with the atomic nuclei, interactions, and their constituents. This is a scientific discipline in the formation, stability, and structure of the nuclei.
The main purpose is the fundamental of nuclear forces, between neutron and proton there is complex interaction in nature.
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| Figure1.1 Nuclear Physics |
Examples:
Some examples are fission, fusion, and radioactive decay, For understanding nuclear fusion the sun is the best example.
Types of Nuclear Physics:
- Nuclear Decay
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
1. Nuclear Deacy:
Nuclear decay is also known as Radioactive decay. It occurs at the time that the nucleus of an atom is unstable and continuously or spontaneously emits energy in the radiation form. And the conclusion is that changes the nucleus into the nucleus of one or any other of the elements. The daughter nuclei are more stable and have a lower mass than that of the parent nucleus.
2. Nuclear Fission:
At the time that the nucleus of an atom is split into nuclei that are lighter across a nuclear reaction, this procedure is called Nuclear Fission. Naturally, this decay spontaneously splits with the process of radioactive decay, stimulated in a lab with the processing of achieving the required conditions.
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| Figure1.2 Nuclear Fission |
3. Nuclear Fusion:
The procedure by which type of two light atomic nuclei combine together to form a single form that delivers a lot of massive amounts of energy. In a state of matter, the fusion reactions that take place are known as Plasma.
Applications of Nuclear Physics:
Some important applications are below:
- Nuclear Energy
- Radiation Therapy
- Nuclear Batteries
- Nuclear Medicine
- Particle Accelerators
- Nuclear Astrophysics
- Nuclear Fusion Research
- Radioisotopes
1. Nuclear Energy:
To generate electricity the nuclear power plants equip the energy delivered during nuclear fission reactions. This is a comfortable and low-carbon source of power that gives a particular form of the electricity in world.
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| Figure1.3 Nuclear Energy |
2. Radiation Therapy:
This is a common treatment for patients with cancer. In cancer cells, high-energy ionizing radiation is directed to destroy their inhibit growth and DNA. For cancer treatment, it is very effective.
3. Nuclear Batteries:
This is also called Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). To generate electricity use the heat produced from radioactive decay. We use this in remote locations, space missions, and medical implants in which the traditional power sources are inappropriate.
4. Nuclear Medicine:
In nuclear, it is an important application. This is used in radioactive isotopes to determine and treat several medical conditions. Techniques like as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) use radioactive tracers to view and detect the functioning of tissues and organs.
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| Figure1.4 Nuclear Medicine |
5. Particle Accelerators:
These are important tools in nuclear research. This is instrumental in modern our observation of the subatomic world, leading to groundbreaking physics discoveries.
6. Nuclear Astrophysics:
To understand the procedure that happens in stars and eventual fate, like as black hole formation and supernovae. In nuclear reactions, scientists study under extreme conditions to describe elements' origin and evolution of celestial bodies.
7. Nuclear Fusion Reaction:
It has virtually unlimited energy and is a potential future source of clean. The purpose is to dissipate the fusion reactions that power the stars and sun. delivering a fast amount of energy with minimum radioactive waste.
8. Radioisotopes:
The self-occurring atrophying atoms in radioisotopes. In our daily life, this provides several uses in different parts of life. This consists of an unstable combination of protons, neutrons, and in the nucleus excess energy.
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| Figure 1.5 Radioisotopes |
Conclusion of Nuclear Physics:
As above we discuss nuclear physics, which has examples in our daily life, and also its types and applications clearly describe their process. Nowadays, industries that work on the process of this and also history are filling with the work of this and there procedures we study.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q: What kind of purpose do we study nuclear physics?
Not only for understanding but also for the famous form of the matter that we find out on the ground. and also after the Big Bang first case of this period's existence rather than neutron stars.Q: Is the father of Nuclear physics?
Yes, His name is Ernest Rutherford. He explains the theoretical concepts of the atom and the procedure of the radioactivity
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| Figure 1.6 Ernest Rutherford |
Q: For which purposes do we use Nuclear Physics?
In several cases, we use this:
- In Military
- In Medicine
- In Industry
- In Biology
- In Material Engineering
- In Archeology
- In Geology, etc.
Q: Can you know the nuclear is a kind of quantum or not?
Actually, both are not the same. Both are different in their performance as nuclear physics is the definition or study of the atomic nuclei of their internal constituent. While quantum physics examines all the processes of the cosmos and microstudies.
Q: As like father you know the mother of Nuclear physics?
In nuclear science, the first three stages of the life of women is the Marie Curie. She was the first woman who obtain the first Nobel Prize. Not only the first but also the second Nobel Prize in women is also obtained the Marie Curie on different categories of work.
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| Figure 1.7 Marie Curie |
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