The process in which the electromagnetic field is used to explain the high energy, high speed charged particles in described beams is called Particle Accelerator. Such a Particle accelerator is called the Betatron.
History:
In 1935, the Max Steenbeck generte the Betatron in Germany. This is one example of the cyclic particle accelerator. It is the first device that creates electron beams with greater energies.
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| First Betatron of Donald Kerst |
What is Betatron?
The betatron is combined with the words ''beam'' and ''cyclotron''. It is a type of particle accelerator. This is used to accelerate the electrons into circular orbits at high speed. With the help of utilizing the electric field that is induced by the magnetic field when it fluctuates.
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| Betatron in Physics |
It seems that it has the function of the transformer with an encircled magnetic core by many windings are pass the current required to generate the magnetic field. Betatron is the first to generate the high-energy electrons.
Principle of Betatron:
At the time the electric current is passed across the magnet, this creates a strong magnetic field in the interior portion of the chamber. For accelerating the electrons the alternating current pulse series passes across the coil placed in the interior of the chamber.
In addition, this enhances changes in the magnetic field that turn in induces the electric field. It rotates in a circular path inside the chamber. Due to this, the electron attains energy, enhances its velocity, and in larger orbits, it moves. As a result, it increases speed and energy levels.
Betatron Oscillation:
In accelerators all circular paths, oscillate the betatron in the oscillation of the particles in their equilibrium and stable orbits. Around the equilibrium orbit, both the verticle and horizontal planes are the steady oscillations.
Hill's equation describes the type of transverse motion in the Betatron,
d2xds2+K(s)x=0
Construction of Betatron:
We understand the construction of the betatron with the help of the diagram.
Doughnut Chamber:
This consists of a doughnut chamber. Its glass tube is highly evacuated with a unique formation. This chamber is located in between the two electromagnet poles that are formed and explained by alternating current. Normally with a frequency of 80 to 180 Hz. So, the Dougnut's plane and magnetic field are perpendicular then the equilibrium orbit is threaded by the process of fluctuating the magnetic flux. In one direction the flux is mainly to grow then each of the cycles starts, after this from the electron gun the high-velocity electrons are shot into the doughnut.
Working of Betatron:
The magnetic field grows when the electromagnets are drilled in an electron happens in doughnut tubes cathode at K. This also shows the two effects that are:
1. When the magnetic flux is altering, this gives the electron more energy, induced e..m.f. is generated in the electron orbit. As we know Faraday-s Law says:
e.m.f =
2. As electron velocity and operation of the magnetic field are perpendicular. So they cause radial force that attains the circular motion of the electrons. Forces are balanced by the Centripetal Force
qvB=mv2r
In the tube, only the electrons are held for T/4 seconds due to acceleration particles occurring in the time increase from the zero flux to the greatest range. Initially, the flux is decreased which causes to decrease in the electron velocity. We gain the maximum magnetic field for the electrons needed to stabilize the continuous radius of motion.
Adavntages of Betatron:
- Same as the transformer, which needs the full voltage and is not required to generate a secondary coil previous the high-vacuum x-ray tube is applied.
- The electromotive force is continuously subjected to an electron beam rather than.
Disadvantages of the Betatron:
- Huge power requirements.
- Electrons are accelerated only in the vacuum.
- The acceleration process is conducted only in the circular vacuum tube.
- The process in which the electrons are ejected is very complex.
Uses of Betatron:
- This is the process to find the solar flare.
- High-energy electrons are used in particle physics.
- This provides higher energy beam electrons or 300MeV.
- X-rays and gamma rays are used as sources.
Limitations of Betatron:
- Restricted applications
- High power consumption
- Limited beam intensity
- Beam stability challenges
- Limited energy range
- Fixed energy
- Bulky and heavy
Compare the Difference Between Betatron and Cyclotron:
Betatron | Cyclroton |
This is a type of particle accelerator that primarily accelerates electrons or beta particles. | This is a type of particle accelerator that uses a spiral path and accelerates charged particles. |
This employs magnetic field is expanding. | This employs magnetic field is constant. |
It is sustained as long as possible. And the electron is accelerated. | It is sustained as long as resonance ions accelerate. |
More than 300 MeV energy of the electron is accelerated. | More than 80 MeV energies are utilized for positive ions acceleration. |
Conclusion of Betatron:
As we completely discussed the Betatron is a type of particle accelerator. And accelerates the electrons. For its operation, we use alternating current rather than the direct current.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q: From which thing Betatron is made?
This is made up of an evacuated tube and is in a loop it is shaped to encase the electromagnet that loop is parallel to the windings.
Q: Is your known the particle accelerator?
Actually, this is a machine utilized in electromagnetic fields for high energy, speed charge particles able in beams.
Q: Do you know the maximum energy range of the Betatron?
Yes! 300 MeV
